The fingers have to make unnecessary adjustment to suit the panel when the panel should suit the fingers. The American standard over-spaced 3x2 setup (which is a standard in many other places) is intuitive, but is not a good example of an accessible layout. When determining how to line up buttons side-by-side, consider both the intuition of the mind and the shape of the hand. About 36mm or 39mm is a common standard spacing between button rows. Keep in mind also that there is a large plunger face on standard buttons and centering the fingertips on every button is not entirely necessary. If a player would be more comfortable with less spacing, smaller buttons should be considered. With 24mm buttons, the minimum distance is more like 29mm. About 36mm-36.5mm is a common standard spacing between 30mm button centers. So for Sanwa and Seimitsu 30mm screw-in buttons, the minimum distance between centers is 35mm-36mm. The minimum space between the center of each button is equal to the largest diameter along the button device. If these installations are going to make for a fragile panel, either consider more spacing or, much preferably, a stronger panel. The panel has to withstand having these holes and buttons installed. For example, Sanwa and Seimitsu 30mm screw-in buttons have tops 33mm-34mm wide and nuts 35mm-36mm wide, so their holes need to have at least 10mm-12mm of panel between them (thinner standard Seimitsu nuts work for both). The top and securing parts of the buttons are wider than the holes in which they fit. Some essential things to consider are the structural constraints of the devices and panel. You have more than one finger, so use them. Remember, this supported panel is an advantage over the thumb-pressed control pad. Buttons should not be spaced beyond a relaxed distance comfortable to the player's hand. The buttons should be spaced proportioned to active fingertips so the fingers can rest across them and type like using multiple fingers on a keyboard. Even if you do not plan on making your own layout, you can learn to assess what will most likely work for you. One of the main advantages of building a custom joystick controller is being able to determine your own layout. This section discusses the goals in choosing or making a layout.

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